Field trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Field trip - Essay Example The chose outcrop is inside the Marietta topographic quadrangle. It is situated along highway 7 in Ohio, West Virginia. As far as the co-ordinates, it is inside Sec. 2, T2N, R9W. The outcrop exists inside a rise of 640, which is from its base. The Bedrock Geology of Washington County rates the outcrop as of Pennsylvanian age. The stone arrangement is of the Monongahela gathering. The general stone sorts that exist in this outcrop are shale, siltstone, red shale, and greywacke. Therefore, the accompanying breakdown depicts the different sytheses that make up the basal layers: Layer 1 is comprised of 0.5m shale which is greenery green. It likewise has a lot of greenery fossils and has a secured basal contact. This layer lies at a horizontal crossing point with siltstone. Layer 2 comprises of 1.5m siltstone. This is greenish dim in shading and exists as a composite. It is additionally shrouded in plant fossils and has a secured basal contact. It lies at a parallel crossing point with red shale. Layer 3 comprise of 3.0m of red shale that is to a great extent rosy in shading. This likewise has secured basal contact and plant fossils. Layer 4 has 1.7m of greywacke that is dim in shading. This layer tightens along the side and does not have the plants. Its basal contact is sporadic. Layer 5 is 2.2m of dark siltstone comprised of bigger parallel grains. There are no greeneries and the basal contact is lopsided. Layer 6 has 3.5m of greywacke with bigger grains. Layer 7 is comprised of 1.5m of along the side layered greywacke. The last layer 8 is comprised of 1.5m of dark granulated siltstone. From such an examination, different surmisings can be drawn from the outcomes, and the relating investigation can be contrasted with prior hypothesis. This is significant in understanding the scene of such a district because of the dynamic nature it has. The peaks are prevalently made of greywacke sandstones because of their protection from enduring. The valleys are something else

Hamilton and Jefferson Discussion

To start this investigation, it will be significant that both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had their individual contrasts in philosophies particularly in the perspective and strategically. Subsequently, the investigation rushed to uncover that there were enormous contrasts in the projects they began when they were in government.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Hamilton and Jefferson Discussion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their family foundation could have been a deciding element to every one of their program thinking about that Jefferson originated from a wealthier and highborn family contrasted with Hamilton’s family. Likewise, Jefferson was before a pioneer of Democratic-Republican Party while Hamilton served under the initiative of Federal Party. The political contrasts were the significant wellspring of the disdain the two had in regards to their projects. To begin with, Hamilton favored a solid focal govern ment. Accordingly, his program developed around issues to fortify the legislature. That is the reason he was resolved to settle the obligations on the legislature before dealing with a more grounded focal government. In such manner, Hamilton concocted methods for settling the obligations in which the residents should get a few protections in type of attach to enable the legislature to take care of the obligations. The monetary program was the focal job of Hamilton as he engaged the nearby farming segment and banking part to overwhelm the British exchanging exercises the United States. This prompted commencement of Bank of United States and Central Bank that was like that in the United Kingdom. This decreased over dependence to British government. Then again, Jefferson was a severe constructionist strategically and he had faith in powerless focal government. His program spearheaded to support the states’ right and common freedoms. This implied his program was intended to enabl e the individuals not at all like the Hamilton’s program that given the focal government the force. The weight to advocate for people’s nearness can be identified with a portion of the announcements made by Jefferson. For example he stated, â€Å"A government sufficiently large to gracefully all that you need is sufficiently large to take all that you have. The course of history shows that as a legislature develops, freedom decreases† (Dolbeare, Cummings, 2009, p. 150).Advertising Looking for basic composition on political theories? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More what's more, â€Å"The two adversaries of the individuals are crooks and government, so let us secure the second with the chains of the constitution so the second won't become the legitimized variant of the first† (Dolbeare, Cummings, 2009, p. 151). The above projects introduced two unique thoughts that require basic examination before emb racing any of them. Nonetheless, the Hamilton’s program was and still the favored program since it prompted monetary autonomy in the United States. The presentation of banking and settling the past obligations helped the United States to recoup monetarily. What's more, the focal government has been key decision this super force country. All the more in this way, the Jefferson’s program had a few issues liable to support the residents however his proffered government was not relevant in the United States. There has been inclination of solid focal governments that can back different projects, for example, wellbeing, training, security among others. Accordingly, it was normal that frail government couldn't be completed consequently the expanded contempt between the two heads. From the above projects, it appeared that the present American government has been focused at the Hamilton’s program. This think of numerous accomplishments to the United States as it apprecia tes the worldwide nearness in banking, and reinforcing of the legislature. Actually, it is among the super force countries dependent on the administration accomplishment. In spite of the pundits and threat from Jefferson, Hamilton’s program had gone past a dream on brought together financial nation. Reference Dolbeare, K.M., Cummings, M. S. (2009). American Political Thought (sixth ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Hamilton and Jefferson Discussion explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This basic composition on Hamilton and Jefferson Discussion was composed and put together by client Cruz U. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Exploring the Art of the Short Story Murakamis THE STRANGE LIBRARY

Exploring the Art of the Short Story Murakamis THE STRANGE LIBRARY On the day of a book club meeting with a few women I went to grad school with, our book pick, The Strange Library by Haruki Murakami, finally arrived on an inter-library loan. I figured I wouldn’t have time to read the whole thing, but I would try to get the gist of it within the hour I had before the meeting. I mean, I went to grad school, right? I sat down with my son at the kids table while he played with some puzzles and got started. As I foraged through the book, I couldn’t believe how fast it was moving. Was I really going to read this whole book in the library, with my kid occupied, right before I had to show up to talk about? Yes, I was. The first thing we discussed that night was the composition of the book. It was pretty and colorful. The front cover had an interesting flap. The story was so good that you almost didn’t need the pictures at all. What was this book? It felt like a short story, but I don’t think I’ve even seen one short story by itself as a book before. It wasn’t cheaply made either, so it was also an expensive single short story. Murakamis graphic story about a boy getting trapped in a creepy library basement is good enough to stand alone, though. We wondered what would have made Murakami put out a book like this. I thought back to a Junot Díaz essay on short stories. In “On My Way to the Novel, I Fell in Love with the Short Story,” he details his experience with the genre as an introduction for The Best American Short Stories 2016. Díaz argues that there’s something special about short stories because, “stories strike like life and end with its merciless abruptness as well… This form captures better than any other what it is to be humanâ€"the brevity of our moments, the cruel irrevocability when those times places and people we hold the most dear slip through our fingers.” What feels most abrupt about The Strange Library is the satisfaction of a single story. When you read from a book of short stories, you know another story is coming. Collections of short stories almost mimic that “deeply consoling” thing that Díaz describes novels as doing by lasting the length of a book. Murakami’s book seems to exaggerate “the brevity of our moments” by taking away the privilege o f the next story. When I finally got my hands on Leslie Nneka Arimah’s What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky  soon after, I told myself that I would slow down and give each short story their own time, which is what, it seems, Murakami wants for his story. I wouldn’t rush through the book in a day or two, like I had been doing with novels lately. The standout stories for me were definitely “Windfalls,” “Wild,” and “Light.” Even in the middle of them I was consciously fearful that I was getting closer to the end. When they did end, I fantacized about each one being optioned for a book or movie. Díaz describes this jolted feeling: “Just as you’re settling into the world of a story, that’s usually when the narrative closes, ejecting you from its embrace, typically forever.” Even though I knew what was going to happenâ€"each story would end in ten or twenty pagesâ€"I was still a little upset about letting them go. I had a similar feeling when I read Alex Haley’s Roots or Yaa Gyasis  Homegoing   because I couldn’t stand to leave some of their characters behind, especially Kunta Kinte. It made sense why Haley and Gyasi would tear readers away from people  because of the context of slavery in their books, and in using the traditional short story device of “ejecting you from its embrace,” the human loss becomes palpable. In books of short stories, there’s less surprise about the fate of the stories, and yet the anticipation of loss adds another dimension to the experience of reading them. Then there’s the emptiness of having no new books to read. After Arimah’s book, I looked to my bookshelf for something I maybe hadn’t read yet or that I felt like rereading. My son’s dad dropped off a stack of hood books that he found in a box on the street a while ago. I thought of them as his so I never really touched them. I picked out Street Chronicles: Girls in the Game, a short story collection edited by Nikki Turner, and after just a few pages I couldn’t believe it had been sitting around my house all these months. The first story, “Crowning Miss Baby Mama” by Chunichi, is about a young woman’s experiences with motherhood, social climbing, and the prison industrial complex. It was so good that requested some of Chunichi’s books right after. It was like when you start watching a show that already has five seasons, so you don’t have to wait weeks or months in between episodes. Unlike reading a brand new collection of stories that I wanted to make last, these stories made me want to finish up and read more books by these writers. We talked a lot about whether short stories should be read one after another or not during our Murakami meeting. I think we all started agreeing that maybe there was something valuable about just reading one by itself. It challenges the discomfort that comes along with switching characters and plotlines immediately after each story, which keeps a lot of readers away from story collections. In reading a single short story, there’s a different type of discomfortâ€"one that forces you to accept that it’s alone. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Macbeths Tomorrow, Tomorrow Speech Vs. Robert Frosts...

Macbeths tomarrow, Tomarrow Speech Vs. Robert Frosts out, Out - An unknown author once wrote â€Å"Never take life too seriously; after all, no one gets out of it alive†. When reading this quote, there can almost be an immediate connection between two very good works of writing: Macbeth’s â€Å"Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow† speech from Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, and the poem â€Å"Out, Out --† by Robert Frost. Both allude to the idea that a single life, in its totality, denotes nothing, and eventually, everyone’s candle of life is blown out. However, each poet approaches this idea from opposite perspectives. Frost writes of a young, innocent boy whose life ends suddenly and unexpectedly. His poem is dry and lacks emotion from anyone†¦show more content†¦Frost, on the other hand, wipes out his character and leaves us with the feeling as that death will silence the memories of all who knew the child. With the major differences in these works of writing, there are also many similarities among the two. Both Shakespeare and Frost are trying to say death is inevitable. It takes place at different times and under different circumstances for everyone, but none-the-less, it cannot be avoided. Everyone also deals with death in their own way. Macbeth almost discards the news of his wife’s death, as he talks about life itself and how he feels about it. The people in Frost’s poem are also unfazed about the death of the boy. Another similarity is that in both poems, the people move forward with their lives. This is a reflection of human nature; most of us don’t grieve forever, but eventually find a point where we’re able to accept the death a loved one. Robert Frost and William Shakespeare have been celebrated by many people because of their ability to express themselves through the written word. Here we are years after their deaths analyzing these fascinating poems about life and death. It’s clear they had similar thoughts about this subject at the time of these writings, even though their characters could not have been more opposite. For both poets, life is too

Operating Expenses Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2169 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Globe Comm has two major divisions in their product offering, one require simple and easy integration and installation (usually short term) and other type require complex and fairly difficult integration (usually long term). For the first type of product, it has been mentioned that revenue is recognized once the system got shipped and but only 70% to 90% of the contract value gets recorded, rest 10% to 30% value will be retained by the customer (holdback) until installation gets completed but we know that this type of product requires fairly easy installation. If the holdback is less than installation fee, then they will defer the revenue recognition. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Operating Expenses Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order And they put revenue as the deferred revenue until they ship the product for the contract which they receive an advance payment. For the second type of product, they use percentage-of-completion method of accounting. That means, based on the milestones clearly defined in the contract. As we know that, this type of product requires long term duration and entails significant engineering, tailored to the specific customer. They have mentioned that these types of contracts have significantly larger values and higher economic risks and the progress payments received in advance by customers are netted against the inventories balance. They will recognize revenue only after achieving product shipment and getting the final acceptance or any other type of contractual milestones. Revenue Recognition Via Sat Similar to Globe Comm, Via Sat also uses the percentage-of-completion method of accounting to recognize revenue. They have mentioned that the substantial amount of revenue is de rived for the long term contracts. Sales and earnings are recorded based on two terms, either total cost spend till date or using the units-of-delivery method. They have informed that the percentage-of-completion method requires management to consider total cost spent and estimate the future cost which requires management to make numerous assumptions. And they record the anticipated losses on the contracts only after the period in which the losses become quantifiable. They also mentioned that since they make numerous assumptions to estimate the future cost, sometimes their profit margin can be unevenly distributed because of the changes in their assumptions. They also mentioned that they even get revenue from purchase orders in which the revenue is recoded on the basis of products or performance of service, compliant with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition. Under this they recognize revenue only when the prices are fixed and determinable. Via Sat has mentioned that they record revenue under accrued liabilities for the deferred revenues and excess revenue collected from customer if it is within twelve month, after that they will post it under deferred revenue in the consolidated financial statements. 2-A, What costs are included in the companies product and service costs? Globe Comm: Contract Cost: Globe comm has mentioned that the contract costs generally includes purchased material, direct labor, overhead and Other direct cost. Cost from Infrastructure solutions: Globe comm has informed that the infrastructure solution consists of Purchased Materials, Direct labor, Related overhead expenses Project-related travel, living cost and Subcontractor cost. Costs from services: Costs from services consist primarily of satellite space segment charges, voice termination costs, network operations expenses and Internet connectivity fees. Satellite space segment charges: Satellite space segment charges consist of the costs associated with obtaining satellite bandwidth (the measure of capacity) used in the transmission of services to and from the satellites leased from operators. Via Sat: satellite costs consist primarily of the costs of satellite construction and launch, including launch insurance and insurance during the period of in-orbit testing, the net present value of performance incentives expected to be payable to satellite manufacturers (dependent on the continued satisfactory performance of the satellites), costs directly associated with the monitoring and support of satellite construction, and interest costs incurred during the period of satellite construction Via Sat has informed that they construct gateway facilities, network operations systems and other assets to support their satellites, and those construction costs, including interest, are capitalized as incurred. Satellites and other property and equipment are recorded at cost or in the case of certain satellites and other property acquired, the fair value at the date of acquisition, net of accumulated depreciation 2-B, Compare operating expenses in the two companies. Operating expense for the both Globe Comm and Viasat are presented below. Research and development Expense: Via Sat has invested nearly 24,109 in the RD against Globe Comm which invested 4,304 as RD expense. General and administrative Expense: Via Sat had nearly 119,227 for operating expense against Globe Comm which had an expense of 30,038 for the same purpose. Cost from services Expense: Via Sat had nearly 66,833 as cost from services against Globe Comm which had 131,329 Other than above the Via Sat had following expenses Cost of product revenues 384,858, Amortization of acquired intangible assets 3,569, Income (loss) from operations 22,529. Other than above the Globe Comm had following expenses Cost from infrastructure solution 70,423, Selling and marketing 18,015, Earn-out fair value adjustments 4,824. 3-A, Compare Revenue growth and explain why are Revenues increasing or decreasing? Globe Comm: Revenues from Services: Revenues from service has been increased from the previous year, Globe Comm has stated that the increase in the revenues was due to an increase in their access product line of their managed network service line especially in the government marketplace, other than that, revenue from ComSource, C2C and Evocomm also has attributed the increase in the revenue. Revenues from Infrastructure Solutions: Revenues from infrastructure solution have decreased from the previous year. The company attributed decline in bookings of contract orders due to the economic recession, which resulted in government and commercial customers and prospects delaying or cancelling projects as primary reason for decrease in the revenue. Viasat: Revenues from Services: Revenue from service has increased comparing to the previous year and Via Sat says that the increase in their government system segments has attributed for this growth in the service sector. Revenue from Product: Revenue from product has also increased from the previous year. The primary reason for this increase has been attributed to the commercial networks segment 3-B-C, Sometime risk associated with project including complexity, meeting deadline, factors beyond the companys control such as political and economic instability in certain places, local government restriction, tax, trade barriers etc. may result in the delay of achieving the revenue milestones. Sometimes this delay will have a severe impact on their operations expense. Other factors such as depreciation, COGS, capital losses and natural calamity can affect their expense and other type of risks are detailed as below, They often act as a subcontractor, particularly in the government marketplace and their results could be adversely affected by the prime contractors inability to obtain or renew its contracts with the ultimate customer. Their service revenue has increased as a percentage of total revenue and if their service revenue decreases or margins decrease, their results of operations will be harmed. Future acquisitions and strategic investments may divert their resources and managements attention, results may fall short of expectations and, as a result, our operating results may be difficult to forecast and may be volatile. 4, We calculate revenue then subtracted the cost of goods sold to get gross profit. Once we calculated gross profit we then calculated all the operating costs, things like rent on the office space, CEO salaries, administrative assistants, marketing costs, research development cost, bad debt expense and depreciation expense. Next we subtract our operating expenses from our gross profit and that gives us operating profit. That leaves us with other costs that we call below the line. Although these things are unusual and not part of the core operations, they will impact their financial performance of the company during that year. Some of the items that are listed below the line (below the operating profit) are things like capital gains and losses. Remember when companies adopt certain methods of accounting for their financial statements their choice is pretty much locked in. Although it is possible to make a change, companies must disclose the impact in a line called cumulative effect of accounting changes which would include the impact of a change like a change from straight-line method to an accelerated method. But we found no data regarding above parameter for the below the line, in the both financial statement of Globe Comm and Via Sat. 5-A, Do the companies retain all their earnings and what is their policy on this? Yes both Globe Comm and Via Sat are retaining their earning, They havent issued any dividends in the past and not planning to issue any dividends in the future also. Any future payment of dividends will be depend upon the board of directors decision and it depends on the future earnings and they have mentioned that the shareholders cant expect us to pay them dividend and they can only derive benefit though the increase in the price of the stock, for which the management will work hard. 5-B, Why do you think they have this policy? Both company has given the same reason for retaining their earnings, they said that they wanted to use their earnings for the future growth by investing it in the infrastructure, RD, new market capitalization, foraying into new business etc. According to me, this decision is reasonable, since many companies dont usually declare dividends and will invest their earning for the future growth which is good for every stakeholder. Better the company means better the stock price and the shareholders can see profit by selling their stocks at good price. 6, Look at the Cash Flows for each business activity in the current year (do not recalculate these). Interpret the meaning. You should evaluate this on a higher level like we. Globe Comm cash flow: (Summarized) Operating activities. $16,506 Investing activities $(28,494) Financing activities $16,891 As we can understand from the above data that the Globe Comm had positive cash flow from operations and infers us that the company is positive. Regarding investment: Acquisition of business, net of cash received: (19,070) As we can understand from the above table, that Globe Comm is investing lot in the acquisition, it amounts nearly 50% of their total investment. This can be understood from the CEO letter released in the annual report, he mentions that he wants to leverage the expertise generated by such acquisition. They believe that the Technology disruption enabled them to explore the new markets and penetrate the new markets by investing constantly in the research development and acquisition. The CEO is happy with the recent acquisition of Comsource, since it made Globe Comm to capitalize the explosive growth of wireless marketpl ace and new technology such as 4G and LTE network and rapid proliferation of smart phones and tablets are the driving trends for lot of new business segment and the acquisition of Comsource enabled Globecomm to capitalized on it. Other than acquisition we can see that Globe Comm has invested also in the fixed assets. Via Sat cash flow: (Summarized) Operating activities $141,449 Investing activities $(229,022) Financing activities $219,798. Â As we can understand from the above data that the Globe Comm had positive cash flow from operations and this infers us that the company is positive even after paying their debts. Unlike Globe Comm, most of the cash flow from investing activities goes to the purchase of property, equipment and satellites, net. They invested nearll 204,973 in the property and satellites etc. Even though they had some acquisition, but not recently and the letter from CEO clearly states that the company wants to invest more on to strengthen their satellite division and provide the service much better. 7, Which company appears to be more successful? Be sure to define your metric for success. The current ratio is good test of a companys financial strength. It calculates how many dollars in assets are likely to be converted to cash within one year in order to pay debts that come due during the same year. Globe Comm Total Current Asset 156,990 Total Current Liability 77,304 Current ratio = 156,990/77,304 = 2.03 Via Sat Total Current Asset 563,152 Total Current Liability 236,042 Current ratio = 563,152/236,042 = 2.38 The Return on Assets Ratio Return on assets (ROA) is considered to be a profitability ratio it shows how much a company is earning on itsÂÂ  total assets. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to view the ROA ratio as an indicator of asset performance. The ROA ratio (percentage) is calculated as: = Net Income / Average Total Assets Globe Comm Total Asset 294,611 Net Income 8,988 ROA = 8,988/294,611 = 1.03 Via Sat Total Asset 1,727,153 Net Income 7,598 ROA = 7,598/1,727,153 = 0.004 Even though Via Sat had slightly higher value than the Globe Comm in the Current Ration calculation, Globe Comm has surpassed Viasat in terms of Return on Asset Ration which is considered to be a profitability ration. Considering the above metrics I believe that the Globe Comm has been the successful company than Via Sat, the Conclusion doesnt drawn the above metric alone, other factors such as Via Sat has sent a poorly written letter to its shareholders which doesnt have any factual data but the globe comm has produced factual data and compared it well.

Placebo Effect Free Essays

string(35) " an even greater role in behavior\." Feda Aziz Amy Blitchok ENG 1060-0013 April 30, 2012 Placebo over Mind For years, scientists and researchers have sought to find an explanation for the placebo effect. What many scientists and researchers do not realize is that placebo or â€Å"fake medicine† has been used as early as the revolutionary period in the seventeen hundreds. The mind is a powerful organ, in which controls all our body’s functions and thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Placebo Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyday functions such as breathing and walking relies heavily on the most important part of our organ: the mind. However, through the use of placebos, it is becoming clear that the mind may have an even greater influence on our daily lives, influencing our perception of well- being. The placebo, which is Latin for â€Å"to please,† is a sugar-pill that can be taken in many different forms such as injection, liquid intake or by pill. Research conducted by physicians and scientists on placebos revealed that patients who receives treatment for asthma, irritable bowel syndromes, knee surgery and much more showed improvements and are symptom free which in turn demonstrated how mind is more powerful than the body. The Placebo effect is when the administration of some entirely harmless or inactive drug or pill seems to make people better. It can also reduce the experience of pain by blocking pain signals in the spinal cord from arriving at the brain in the first place. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, the brain area responsible for pain control is activated, causing the release of natural endorphins. The endorphins send instructions down to the spinal cord to suppress incoming pain signals and patients feel better whether or not the treatment had any direct effect. This article explained how the mind and placebo work together in sending messages from the brain to the area of pain. Other problems exist in testing placebos’ effectiveness. They cannot be used in studies on life-threatening or degenerative illnesses, since taking an inactive treatment rather than a real one could do patients real harm. Tests in which patients know they may be taking placebos show different results from tests in which they are given only a drug. Patients have been shown to react less to real medicine if they know there is a fifty percent chance they are actually getting sugar pills (Amaral) . Very few doctors are this open about prescribing placebos, but most of them do not outright lie to their patients, either. In general, doctors who prescribe placebos often say that they have something that they believe can help, but they do not know exactly how it will work, either. Supporters of the use of placebos point out that this is not lying; placebos are known to be beneficial in some cases. The American Medical Association (AMA) policy suggests that doctors could explain the placebo effect to their patients and receive consent to prescribe them in the course of treating any illness. This way, the patients don’t know exactly when they might be prescribed a placebo and they could still benefit from the placebo effect (â€Å"http://www. ama-assn. org/†). The Placebo effect refers to the situation where patients feel better after taking a medication even if the drug is ineffective. A study proved the effectiveness of placebo medicine in patients diagnosed with heart failure. When given the placebo to heart failure patients and they took it whole heartedly and faithfully they showed a thirty four percent decrease in death rate. The researchers are unsure about the results but some theories are; mind is as powerful as any organ in the body. People who took their placebo faithfully, and believe it would help, may actually have gotten real help. Also patients who have heart failure have to exercise and cut salt intake so that may have had an important role in the placebo succeeding (Amaral). The placebo effect is a powerful effect that can consistently induce a perceived benefit. Once the placebo was identified as a valid medication able to create a response, such as becoming symptom free, became more widely used as a control in clinical trials. As a result, the placebo effect has been extensively studied throughout history. In a study; four groups of asthma patients were given albuterol inhalers, placebo inhalers, sham acupuncture, or no treatment. When the researchers tested the patients’ lung function, the albuterol, a standard treatment for asthma, showed improvement, whereas the placebos had no effect. On the contrary, half of those who used the albuterol reported feeling better. But so did nearly half of those who got the placebo inhaler or the sham acupuncture. Doctors may not fully understand the cause of it but what they do know is two inert pills can work better than one, colorful inert pills can work better than plain ones, and injections can work better than pills (Bates). The perception of the benefits was recognized due to the perceptions of the mind, and not to the ingredients that makes up the fake treatment. The placebo effect shows us that the mind heavily influences our perceptions of wellness and health. The placebo was also used during the Civil War; nurses often ran out of medicine, in order to keep the soldiers moving they injected them with saltwater, and believed it was morphine. Many scientists began wondering how the solider can feel better and become symptom free without taking the actual morphine. Thus, the scientists came to the conclusion that before simply thinking you can feel better you actually will. However, there is the nocebo effect in which the opposite occurs. A patient thinks he will feel bad, and he then will feel symptoms and pain. Also when a doctor proclaims that the medicine will cause symptoms or pain, the patient is more likely to feel the symptoms (Cloud). While the mind may be labeled as an organ easily fooled by placebos, whose benefit has no physical basis, it is clear that the mind may have an even greater role in behavior. You read "Placebo Effect" in category "Essay examples" Throughout the world, it is widely believed that the placebo effect simply is of random chance or it temporarily works on symptoms or diseases. To prove the skeptics wrong, a test was conducted with one hundred and eight patients that were divided in half. Half of them received arthroscopy knee surgery, and the other half received fake knee surgery. Arthroscopy knee surgery requires only three tiny incisions through the skin and the fake surgery received a small cut on their knee. The results were astonishing placebo surgery turned out to be just as effective as real surgery. Many people think it is irrational to be cured by fake medicine, but the truth is patients who were successfully healed by fake surgery were in fact healed by the power of their own minds (Easton). Placebos can no longer be thought of as a blind fold covering the eyes. These sugar pills induce the mind to create a very real and physical response that may be specific to the placebo; as a result, use of a placebo can become a very seductive treatment option for many. With the ongoing use of placebos, both as a control, and potentially as an alternative treatment, several issues emerge: Such as if the placebo is ethical or not. Furthermore, can it be guaranteed that placebos will generate a safe, and effective, result. While these pills may seem nonthreatening by being less active than experimental drugs, the risk for harmful and unethical consequences still does exist. Dr. Sobel ,co-author of The Healing Brain, explains â€Å"doctors spend a lot of time prescribing and giving medicine when improvement can be just by giving positive reinforcement†. Dr. Sobel also clarifies that if giving positive feedback made patients feel better then why give a placebo or sugar pill at all when you can prescribe yoga or meditation. For example when a child gets hurt, the compassionate parent would say â€Å"a kiss will make it better† and the child walks away tearless because mommy made it feel better. Carefully, studies were conducted and on average, if you take one hundred people with certain illnesses and give them a sugar pill; about a third would be expected to improve (Friend). Some doctors believe that instead of ignoring the placebo effect, it may help to enhance it. A study was conducted in which the placebo effect worked on patients who had irritable bowel syndrome or IBS. In 2008, Harvard’s Ted J. Kaptchuk wanted to treat IBS but in a safe way. He devised a fake remedy which contained fake acupuncture with no needles and plenty of soft talk. Kaptchuk experiment showed sixty-two percent of them actually got better and for the patients who had fake acupuncture and no soft talk saw a forty two percent improvement. Many mainstream medicine and drug companies try to minimize conducting clinical trials, but Kaptchuk argues that instead of minimizing they should enhance it and use placebos more often because it will lower costs of medicine and produce fewer side effects (Herper). Anesthetist, Henry Beecher, published an article on the use and effects of placebo in treatment of different diseases. Since then, many studies have shown that situations can also trigger the human mind to generate placebo effect. Kaptchuk explains that rituals of treatment activate brain areas in the same way as done by drugs. The newest neurobiological theories on placebos suggest that in some situations the appearance and rituals of treatment activate brain areas similar to when one takes drugs. So, for the drug to work, you may not need the drug at all (Marglin). Freed and his associates conducted a study examining the outcomes of forty patients, ages thirty four through seventy five, who had severe Parkinson’s disease. In this study, the patients either underwent neuronal transplantation surgery or sham surgery (placebo). These patients were randomly assigned to the different groups. In the patients who underwent the sham surgery, holes were drilled into their skulls, but not penetrated. While all of the patients had hoped to receive this neuronal transplant, only half actually did. The rest had the placebo surgery (Amaral). Freed found that although there was no notable effect among the older patients in either transplantation or placebo surgeries, the younger transplantation recipients showed much improvement as compared with the placebo surgery group. No one from the placebo surgery group benefited from the procedure. Results were measured using the standardized scoring system of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). They measure symptoms of Parkinson’s disease including mentation/mood and performance in the activities of daily living, respectively. Freed, further analyzed results for growth of transplants by using the PET scans. PET scans use nuclear medicine imaging to produce 3-dimensional color images of the functional processes within the human body. These tests all concluded that the only group that benefited from the study was the younger transplantation group, leaving many concerned due to the lack of improvement in their condition. Half of those in the placebo group experienced additional pain, and some experienced trauma. In addition to not benefiting from the procedure, many experienced significant pain from the placebo surgery. In this case, the mind could not be induced into generating the type of physical response that is desired from this surgery. And further, the potential for pain as well as harm are also clear in this example. It is clear that the ethics behind placebos, given that they are active substances that can induce very real physical responses need to be taken seriously. The mind is a complex organ that may not always respond in the way that we hope it will (Amaral). The placebo effect has shed great light on the complex functions of the mind. The mind has the remarkable ability to generate a physiological and real response to placebos. Furthermore, the mind can discern a placebo from an experimental drug, as we see through the specific activation of the prefrontal cortex by the placebo. The mind has functions and capabilities that are larger than just thinking, breathing and walking. It not only controls our perception of our well-being, but may control the physicalitys of our well-being more extensively than was previously thought. While the placebo effect has yielded important information on the powers of the mind, we need to think more responsibly about the use of placebos, and the potential effects of these active stimuli on the brain. Given that placebos do activate the brain, we need to re-address our notions of these pills as inactive sugar pills. What if placebos could have the potential to affect the mind in a way that is not positive? What if placebo pills, and furthermore surgeries, could be harmful to the patient? The ethics of placebos, and the role of the mind in responding to them, should not be underestimated as we move forward in our studies of how the mind works. Our well-being depends on it. There are several recent studies suggesting that placebos themselves are beneficial. According to a paper presented to the American Psychological Association’s (APA) 104th annual convention, the placebo effect accounts for fifty percent of improvements in depressed patients taking antidepressants. Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication, a controversial study done on the effectiveness of using pharmaceuticals in treatment of depression. According to another study, when placebos are given for pain management, the course of pain relief follows that of an active drug The Placebo Prescription, comprehensive non-scientific article on the placebo effect. For both the placebo and the active medicine, peak relief comes about an hour after administration. The placebo effect seems to be acknowledged, perhaps unwittingly, by most medical doctors when one considers that until recently prescribing antibiotics for viral colds and flus was a common practice (Ammaral. ) A patient’s belief in the treatment and the placebo response are dependent upon a variety of factors. First, the patient’s expectations of treatment effects clearly influence the responses. For example, a study in England was done where a hundred men were told that they were taking chemotherapy, when in actuality they were taking inactive saline solution. Twenty percent of these men lost their hair, demonstrating the power of the belief of effects of the treatment. Second, the relationship between patient and care-provider is quite important in determining treatment or placebo results. If there is a positive rapport between the two, then most often there will be a positive enthusiasm for the treatment, and therefore a positive outcome, no matter if a placebo or pharmacologic treatment was used. The friendliness, interest, sympathy, prestige, and positive attitude of the care- provider toward the patient and toward the treatment are associated with positive effects of placebos as well as of active treatments. For example, in a double- blind study of dental extractions, two groups were compared: the first, where the doctors knew they would administer a narcotic analgesic, a placebo, or a narcotic antagonistic and the second, where the doctors knew they would administer either a placebo or narcotic antagonist. The patients from the first group who received placebo had significantly less pain. Since the two placebo groups were only different in the doctors’ knowledge of possible treatment, this knowledge must have resulted in differences in behaviors by the doctor that influenced patient responses. Third, placebos have time- effect curves and peaks, cumulative and carryover effects after end of treatment which is quite similar to those of pharmacologically active medications. For example, â€Å"when varying doses of analgesic followed by a placebo are administered, patients’ placebo responses correspond in degree of pain relief over time to their original dosage of analgesic† (Turner). In addition, dose-response effects have also been documented where two placebo pills were demonstrated to have more pronounced effects than one. In recent decades studies have confirmed the efficacy of various sham treatments in nearly all areas of medicine. Placebos have helped alleviate pain, depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory disorders and even cancer. These studies show that people’s perception of their treatment plays an important role in healing. In other words, people not only think that a drug or procedure will benefit them, but over time, they unconsciously associate the taking of medicine with relief. This essay has stated what the placebo effect is, how it will be used to care for a patient with given evidence and the restrictions of the placebo effect. Up to now medical science has not fully explained what is the cause or causes of the placebo effect. But it seems that it is the result of the patient’s expectation of an effect. The debate will continue concerning what constitutes a placebo, but whether doctors and researchers should continue to use them. Even some supporters of placebo use claim that it is such a loaded word that perhaps we should start using terms like â€Å"mind-body medicine† or â€Å"integrated healing† instead. But as long as many people believe that the placebo effect works, they’re not likely to go away anytime soon. Work Cited â€Å"AMA American Medical Association. † http://www. ama-assn. org/. N. p. , 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2012. http://www. ama-assn. org/. Amaral, Julio Rocha and Renato M. E. Sabbatini. Placebo Effect The Power of the Sugar Pill. February 5,the Mysterious Placebo Effect, an article from Modern Drug Discovery Bates, Stephen. â€Å"Nothing helps: a placebo a day. † The Wilson Quarterly 35. 4 (2011): 15. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Cloud, John. â€Å"How A Sugar Pill Can Heal (Or Hurt) You. † Time 174. 17 (2009): 59. TOPIC search. Web. 9 Mar. 2012. Easton MD â€Å"The placebo effect an amazing reality. † Sunday Star (Easton, MD) 1 Jul. 2007, Supplements HealthWise: NewsBank. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Friend, Tim. â€Å"The placebo effect: Gauging the mind’s role in healing. † USA TODAY 15 Jun. 1993, FINAL, LIFE: 6D. NewsBank. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Herper, Matthew, and Robert Langreth. â€Å"The Nothing Cure. † Forbes 185. 5 (2010): 24. TOPICsearch. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Marglin, Elizabeth. The PLACEBO Effect. † Natural Health 40. 5 (2010): 68-95. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"The Powerful Placebo. † Harvard Men’s Health Watch 12. 11 (2008): 4-6. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Therapeutic Placebo Effect:A Mind/Body Connection. † placeboeffect. com 10 Apr 2012 http://www. plac eboeffect. com/view. asp? id=25031. Turner, et al, â€Å"The importance of placebo effects in pain treatment and research†, JAMA, 1994: http://www. ovid. med. virginia. edu/ovidweb/ovidweb. cgi How to cite Placebo Effect, Essay examples

Contemporary Hospitality Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Hospitality Management. Answer: Introduction The aim of this study is to understand about the hotel industry and its operations. The hotel industry that will be discussed in this study is Hilton Sydney. The discussion will take place on these operations, functions and the process that is used to transform the input into the output. There is an overview related o the systems present in the hotel and its sub system that are used to finalize the production and operations (Kayaman, and Arasli, 2007). The report will also discuss about the quality of management take place in the hospitality industry. It is very relevant for the hotels to manage their operations and functions in a way that the customers retain and do not switch to the other companies (Kusluvan, Kusluvan, Ilhan, and Buyruk, 2010). As there is high level of competition present in the hospitality industry, Hilton Sydney has to bring innovation and creativity to sustain in the market. Now days, to sustain in the market, the companies are brining products and service diff eretiation, that helps them in effective and efficient management of the customers. The purpose of doing research is understood the hotel industry and the hotel Hilton Sydney. The report will help in better understanding and provides knowledge about the same (Kayaman, and Arasli, 2007). The systems of Hilton Sydney will be described in this study. An overview of the hotel The group of Hilton hotel has a strong and old history as they are one of the leading hotel chains in the entire world. The hotel is designed in a way by the expertise that has phenomenal designs; innovation hat is ground breaking, and the dedication of the employees to fulfill the needs of the customers at the Hilton Sydney. They provide exclusive services to their customers and premier venues. There services include executive food, vines, hassle free conferences, and the accommodation that is exceptionally comfortable. Every aspect of Hilton Sydney is inspired by the exceptional creativity (Manaktola, and Jauhari, 2007). The each and every area of the hotel makes the hotel more deluxe with its designs. Hilton is counted as one of the most prestigious and innovative hotel in not only in Australia but also in the entire world (Law, and Chon, 2007). The rooms of Hilton room are ultra relaxation room, unique cocktail concept in the zeta bar and the suites. The hotel Sydney is one of the largest convention centre in Australia and the meeting venue (Yoo, Lee, and Bai, 2011). It has more than 4000 SQM of flexible space of the floor that is enough to accommodate more than 3000 delegates. The kind of management they follow is very unique as they have more than 579 stunning rooms and suites, meeting and events space, location of the hotel that is central of the Sydney and opposite to the town hall station, iconic marble bar. There are various types of operations and functions take place in hotel Hilton Sydney. They perform architecture design and construction function, communication and PR, ecommerce, purchasing and supply management of goods and services, engineering operations, food and beverage management, Hr training operations, technical function, management of revenue, risk management and loss prevention, sales and marketing, spa operations and development, legal and labor management, operations related to the finance, and many other operations. The hotel industry believe that partnership help the company and gurantees the hotel for the new things on each and every level (Li, 2008). It is very relevant for the hotels to manage their operations and functions in a way that the customers retain and do not switch to the other companies. As there is high level of competition present in the hospitality industry, Hilton Sydney has to bring innovation and creativity to sustain in the market. Now days, to sustain in the market, the companies are brining products and service differentiation, that helps them in effective and efficient management of the customers. The aim of the operations to cut the cost, minimize the cost structure and sill to provide best quality services to the customers (Cho, and Menor, 2010). They have well trained engineers and team of expertise who maintain certain programs The 3 system and its 3 sub-systems The systems help in showing changes in the function, operations and structure of the company that are based on the human resource, employees and many other places of the company. it is the fact that the services prove din the hospitality industry are very complex in nature so the hotel industry try to manage each and every process in a systematic way to establish strong and focused management in the company (Pavlatos, and Paggios, 2008). There are various systems used by the hotel industry like Hilton Sydney that are Operations systems Hotel property management system Global distribution of the operations Website booking engine Hotel revenue manager Customer management system Information technology system There are various types of systems adopted by Hilton Sydney like Business type and feature The services of hospitality that is oriented to the products and services The services of hospitality that is oriented to the customers and consumers The services of hospitality that is oriented to the company or organisation Customer focus The focus of the customer is very indifferent Here there is a strong focus on the customers The focus is generally personalized Process and information The process need many decision and information to take the decision In this, there is a need of limited number of information and decision Here is a need of unlimited decision and information (Piccoli, 2008) Human actions The initiative is reserved There is a need of initiative there is a need on innovation Efficiency and indicators of the same There are lots of economic benefits in this category (Vallen, and Vallen, 2009.) There are various types of complaints The system is ineffective at times System type simple dynamic There is complex human activity system Natural and manmade resources Technical Technical and human Technical and human The process (inputs transformation outputs) of the key sub-systems The process of hotel management is related to the services of different qualities to manage the entire quality systems. The process used in every company is the same that is input then the process of transformation take place to change the resources into final products. Resources (Human, financial, materials and technology) Energy (Physical, economic, human and technology) Information (Structure, processes, policies, rules, standards) Technology Tics Hotel Organizational Development Tools like Labor culture, Discipline, Personal development and training Transformation Process Services Direct Services Accommodation Services, Food and Beverage and Complementary Services Other Services Companies Travel Agencies Conferences Conventions Specific Services Executives, Health Recreation (Line, and Runyan, 2012) External Services Linking with external services (Myung, McClaren, and Li, 2012) ISO Quality Quality perceived by customers Quality Certification Brand Quality Blueprinting flowcharts The management of quality is done by a huge team of management that includes general managers, human resource management and engineers. The management services are basically provided by the general managers who are the leaders of the company. Quality is the one major element that makes a hotel good and bad. Quality is not the delivery of goods at a single time whereas it is a life time service that must be delivered (Moncarz, Zhao, and Kay, 2009). Hilton Sydney believes in the same. They have a consistency in delivery of quality in their hotel. The quality usually starts with good hiring of the employees. Many companies suffered due to this as they do not hire good employees in their company, Hilton Sydney is very choosy in hiring of employees. There is a need to embrace all the staff who is working with the company. If they provide good quality of services then only the company will able to create a good image infront of the customers. The effective quality, management of the staff members includes customer service appraisal, review, and performance appraisal (Law, and Chon, 2007). The effective quality management of the team results in improvement in the quality and services to the customers. The services must be oriented to the solutions to the problem stake place in the hotel. They must provide 24 hours problem solving services to their customers (Brent Ritchie, Wing Sun Tung, and Ritchie, 2011). Conclusion The quality systems should start form the relationship between the environment and the management approach that is used by the company. The hotel industry has to adopt these systems to have better management in their companies. These systems are the approaches that help the Hilton Sydney to effectively and efficiently apply the theories of the management in their company. It is highly recommended that the company should follow the systems mentioned in this study as they are very prominent and help to achieve the goals of the company. The operations systems and other systems will have a positive impact on the company. The main purpose of this study is to provide relevant data related to the models for the services provided by the Hilton hotel in the context on hospitality industry proposing various types of systems that help to bring process for the company. Referencing Brent Ritchie, J.R., Wing Sun Tung, V. and JB Ritchie, R., 2011. Tourism experience management research: Emergence, evolution and future directions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), pp.419-438. Cho, Y.K. and Menor, L.J., 2010. Toward a provider-based view on the design and delivery of quality e-service encounters.Journal of Service Research,13(1), pp.83-95. Kayaman, R. and Arasli, H., 2007. Customer based brand equity: evidence from the hotel industry.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,17(1), pp.92-109. Kayaman, R. and Arasli, H., 2007. Customer based brand equity: evidence from the hotel industry.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,17(1), pp.92-109. Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I. and Buyruk, L., 2010. The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,51(2), pp.171-214. Law, R. and Chon, K., 2007. Evaluating research performance in tourism and hospitality: The perspective of university program heads.Tourism Management,28(5), pp.1203-1211. Law, R. and Chon, K., 2007. Evaluating research performance in tourism and hospitality: The perspective of university program heads.Tourism Management,28(5), pp.1203-1211. Li, L., 2008. A review of entrepreneurship research published in the hospitality and tourism management journals.Tourism management,29(5), pp.1013-1022. Line, N.D. and Runyan, R.C., 2012. Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), pp.477-488. Manaktola, K. and Jauhari, V., 2007. Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,19(5), pp.364-377. Moncarz, E., Zhao, J. and Kay, C., 2009. An exploratory study of US lodging properties' organizational practices on employee turnover and retention.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,21(4), pp.437-458. Myung, E., McClaren, A. and Li, L., 2012. Environmentally related research in scholarly hospitality journals: Current status and future opportunities.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), pp.1264-1275. Pavlatos, O. and Paggios, I., 2008. Management accounting practices in the Greek hospitality industry.Managerial Auditing Journal,24(1), pp.81-98. Piccoli, G., 2008. Information technology in hotel management: a framework for evaluating the sustainability of IT-dependent competitive advantage.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,49(3), pp.282-296. Vallen, G.K. and Vallen, J.J., 2009. Check-in check-out: Managing hotel operations. Yoo, M., Lee, S. and Bai, B., 2011. Hospitality marketing research from 2000 to 2009: topics, methods, and trends.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), pp.517-532.